There are many theories about why sharks sometimes attack people. Sharks are apex predators in their environment, and thus have little fear of any creature they cross paths with. Like most sophisticated hunters, they are curious when they encounter something unusual in their territories. Lacking any limbs with sensitive digits such as hands or feet, the only way they can explore an object or organism is to bite it. Generally, shark bites are exploratory, and the animal will swim away after one bite. (Nonetheless, a single bite can grievously injure a human if the animal involved is a powerful predator like a Great White or Tiger shark.)
Most sharks would not waste energy attacking a human with the intention of eating them, as our ratio of bone-to-muscle makes us extremely hard to eat for a creature with no leverage. In open water, with nothing to prop a large prey item up against and no grasping limbs that could hold it still, it is quite difficult to remove flesh from bones using only their mouth.
Some species, such as the great white shark, may sometimes mistake humans for seal or other prey animal; this would be typical when a shark attacks a surfer. The shape of a surfer lying on a board closely resembles a seal from beneath the surface (seals have a thick layer of energy-rich fat, which makes them very attractive targets). Another theory is that sharks normally make one swift attack and then retreat to wait for the victim to die or exhaust itself before returning to feed. This protects the shark from injury from a wounded and aggressive target; however, it also allows humans time to get out of the water and survive.
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Photo Frank Pohl
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